Cellulose in atmospheric particulate matter at rural and urban sites across France and Switzerland
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract. The spatiotemporal variations in free-cellulose concentrations atmospheric particles, as a proxy for plant debris, were investigated using an improved protocol with high-performance liquid chromatography pulsed amperometric detection (HPLC-PAD) method. Filter samples taken from nine sites of varying characteristics across France and Switzerland, sampling covering all seasons. Concentrations cellulose, well carbonaceous aerosol other source-specific chemical tracers (e.g. elemental carbon, EC; levoglucosan; polyols; trace metals; glucose), quantified. Annual mean within PM10 (particulate matter) ranged 29 ± 38 ng m−3 at Basel (urban site) to 284 225 Payerne (rural site). considerably higher during episodes, spikes exceeding 1150 2200 ANDRA-OPE (Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement; rural site), respectively. A clear seasonality, highest cellulose summer autumn, was observed some urban sites. However, locations exhibited weakened seasonality. Contributions carbon total organic are moderate on average (0.7 %–5.9 %) but much greater “episodes”, reaching close 20 % Payerne. Cellulose correlated poorly between sites, even ranges about 10 km, indicating the localised nature sources debris. With regards these sources, correlations typical biogenic (polyols glucose) strong (Rs = 0.28–0.78, p < 0.0001) Seasonality strongest stronger correlations, suggesting main source arises origins. second input ambient debris suggested via resuspension matter several due mineral dust tracers, Ca2+, Ti metal 0.28–0.45, 0.007). No correlation obtained biomass burning tracer (levoglucosan), indication that this is not cellulose. Finally, investigation into interannual variability Grenoble metropole completed. It shown can vary years. All together, results deeply improve our knowledge phenomenology air.
منابع مشابه
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1680-7316', '1680-7324']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6021-2022